{"id":382,"date":"2017-10-05T09:10:19","date_gmt":"2017-10-05T09:10:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.classiciasacademy.com\/blog\/?p=382"},"modified":"2024-08-14T13:02:20","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T07:32:20","slug":"legislative-and-parliamentary-issues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.classiciasacademy.com\/blog\/legislative-and-parliamentary-issues\/","title":{"rendered":"LEGISLATIVE AND PARLIAMENTARY ISSUES"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><u style=\"font-family: 'Bookman Old Style', serif;\"><b>LEGISLATIVE AND PARLIAMENTARY ISSUES<\/b><\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span lang=\"en-US\"><u><b>Aadhaar Passed as Money Bill <\/b><\/u><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Provisions of Money Bill<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The Aadhaar bill has come under controversy due to its passage by the Lok Sabha as a \u2018Money Bill\u2019, ignoring amendments recommended by the Upper House of Parliament and raised questions over the final role of the speaker in certifying a bill as money bill.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">There are four types of Bills, namely (i) Constitution Amendment Bills; (ii) Money Bills; (iii) Financial Bills; and (iv) Ordinary Bills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Article 110 of the constitution deals with the definition of money bills. It is a money bill if it contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters:<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Regulation of the borrowing of the union government.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Custody of consolidated or the contingency funds of India, the payment or withdrawal of money from any such fund.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Appropriation of money out of consolidated fund of India.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Declaration of charged expenditure on consolidated fund or increase the amount of any such expenditure.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The receipt of money on account of the consolidated fund of India or public account of India.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Any matter incidental to any of the matters specified above.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A Money Bill may only be introduced in Lok Sabha, on the recommendation of the President.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">It sent to the Rajya Sabha for its recommendations, which Lok Sabha may reject if it chooses to.\u00a0 <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">If such recommendations are not given within 14 days, it will deem to be passed by Parliament.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Finance Bill which only contains provisions related to tax proposals would be a Money Bill.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">However, a Bill that contains some provisions related to taxation or expenditure, but also covers other matters would be considered as a Financial Bill.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The Speaker certifies a Bill as a Money Bill, and the Speaker\u2019s decision is final and cannot be question in court<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Lack of remedy <\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The Speaker, while certifying a bill as money bill, is in effect depriving the Rajya Sabha of its legislative power to disapprove a bill. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Thus, there is no remedy lying with Rajya Sabha for wrong decision taken by speaker regarding certification of money bill.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><u><b>Aadhaar Controversy<\/b><\/u><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The main objectives of Aadhaar bill was creating a right to obtain a unique identification number and providing for a statutory apparatus to regulate the entire process. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The mere fact of establishing the Aadhaar number as the identification mechanism for benefits and subsidies funded by the CFI does not give it the character of a money bill.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">In this way it bypassed the Upper House\u2019s concerns on security of data, privacy concerns. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">This bill also not appropriates money from the CFI. It does not deal with declaring any expenditure as a charge on that fund.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Further, it does not deal with the receipt of money on account of the CFI or the public account, or the custody or issue of such money, or the audit of the accounts of the Union or states.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><span lang=\"en-US\"><u><b>Amendments to the Finance Bill, 2017<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Integration of Tribunals\/Authorities etc. under different Acts<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">It replaced certain Tribunals and transfers their functions to existing Tribunals. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The amendments propose that the central government may make rules to provide for the terms of service for Chairpersons and other members of these authorities. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The amendments also cap the age of retirement for Chairpersons and Vice-Chairpersons. Currently, these terms are specified in the laws establishing these Tribunals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">These amendments could affect the independent functioning of the Tribunals and there could be conflict of interest if the government were to be a litigant.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">These restructuring has been done mainly to eliminate the functional overlapping, and to establish better co-ordination.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><u><b>Tribunals Proposed to be merged <\/b><\/u><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Competition Appellate Tribunal will be merged into National Company Law Appellate Tribunal.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Airports Economic Regulatory Authority Appellate Tribunal and Cyber Appellate Tribunal will be merged into Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">National Highways Tribunal in to Airport Appellate Tribunal.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Employees Provident Fund Appellate Tribunal in to Industrial Tribunal.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Copyright Board in to Intellectual Property Appellate Board.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Railways Rates Tribunal in to Railway Claims Tribunal.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Appellate Tribunal for Foreign Exchange in to Appellate Tribunal (under the Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Note: <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The Supreme Court in 2014 had held that Appellate Tribunals have similar powers and functions as that of High Courts, thus the service condition must be free from executive involvement. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Formation of Payments Regulatory Board<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The Finance Bill, 2017 on the recommendation of <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Ratan Watal Committee<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> is creating a Payments Regulatory Board chaired by the RBI Governor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The changes essentially amend provisions of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">PRB will remain under the RBI which isn\u2019t neutral however <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Watal Committee has recommended creating this board as a statutory body independent of the RBI.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"height: 260px;\" border=\"1\" width=\"750\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"302\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" width=\"302\" height=\"71\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Payments Regulatory Board<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">It will replace the Board for Regulation and Supervision of Payments and Settlement to regulate and supervise the payments and settlement systems in India. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">RBI Governor will be the Chairperson, <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Deputy Governor in charge of Payment and Settlement Systems as member, <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Three members will be nominated by Central government and board of the RBI will nominate another member. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Donations to political parties<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Currently, for donations below Rs 20,000, details of donors do not have to be disclosed by political parties. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Further, there are no restrictions on the amount of cash donations that may be received by political parties from a person. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>This Finance Bill has set this limit at Rs 2,000<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A new mode of donating has introduced through <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>electoral bonds<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">These bonds will be issued by banks, which can bought through cheque or electronic means and identity of the donor will be anonymous.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">At present corporate companies can make donation of up to <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>7.5% of its net profit in last three years year. <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The Finance Bill removed this limit of contributions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The Bill also proposes that contributions to parties will have to be made only through non-cash mode.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Aadhaar made mandatory for PAN and Income Tax<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">It is now mandatory for every person to quote their <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Aadhaar number<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> after July 1, 2017 when: applying for a Permanent Account Number (PAN), or filing their Income Tax returns. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Persons without Aadhaar will have to file application for Aadhaar first and quote their Aadhaar enrolment number.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Every person holding a PAN on July 1, 2017 will be required to provide the authorities with his Aadhaar number by a date and in a manner notified by the central government. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Cap on Cash Transactions <\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> The Bill initially mandated that cash <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>transactions above three lakh rupees will not be permitted<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> to a single person in one day, for a single transaction and for any transactions relating to a single event. The amendments propose to lower this limit from three lakh rupees to two lakh rupees.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Criticism<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Generally, the Finance Bill is passed as a Money Bill since it gives effect to tax changes proposed in the Union Budget.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">A Money Bill only needs the approval of Lok Sabha, and is sent to Rajya Sabha for its recommendations.\u00a0 It is deemed to be passed by Rajya Sabha if it does not pass the Bill within 14 calendar days.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">By the amendment to Finance Bill, 2017 changes in institutional structure and laws lost its opportunity to examine by concern Parliamentary committees.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">If non-tax provision included in finance bill would have come as separate legislation the scrutiny of parliamentary committee and recommendations of upper house had some place. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><u><b>Privileged Motion<\/b><\/u><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Parliamentary Privilege<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Parliamentary privilege refers to rights and immunities enjoyed by Parliament as an institution and MPs in their individual capacity.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Without this immunity they cannot discharge their functions as entrusted upon them.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">According to the Constitution, the powers, privileges and immunities of Parliament and MP\u2019s are to be defined by Parliament. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">No law has so far been enacted in this respect. In the absence of any such law, it continues to be governed by British Parliamentary conventions.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Breach of Privilege<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Any action \u2018casting reflections\u2019 on MPs, parliament or its committees; could be considered breach of privilege. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">This may include publishing of news items, editorials or statements made in newspaper\/magazine\/TV interviews or in public speeches.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">In 1967, two people were held to be in contempt of Rajya Sabha, for having thrown leaflets from the visitors\u2019 gallery.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">In 1983, one person was held in breach for shouting slogans and throwing chappals from the visitors\u2019 gallery.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Privilege Motion <\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">It is moved by a member when he feels that a minister or any member has committed a breach of privilege of the House by withholding facts of a case or by giving wrong or distorted facts. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Privilege motion can be moved by any lawmaker\/MP against anyone accused of breaching parliamentarians&#8217; privileges, their special rights and immunities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Its purpose is to censure the concerned minister or any other member. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Each of the two houses has separate privilege committees, made up of their members. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The presiding officers of the two Houses, the Speaker and the Chairperson respectively, can dismiss privilege notices, or refer them to the privilege committee, or get a sense of the House before taking a decision.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span lang=\"en-US\"><u><b>Office of Profit Issue<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Background<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Delhi govt. brought an amendment to Delhi Members of Legislative Assembly (Removal of Disqualification) Act, 1997, to make the position of Parliamentary Secretary exempt from definition of \u201cOffice of Profit\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">But the President has refused to give his consent to the amendment because Delhi as a Union Territory, Bill before coming to the Assembly must have the prior approval of LG and the President of India.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Recently, the Delhi HC quashed this appointment on the ground that it lacked the approval of LG.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"256*\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" width=\"100%\" height=\"82\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Office of Profit <\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Office of profit\u2019 is not defined in the Constitution. However, based on past judgments, the Election Commission has noted five below tests for what constitutes an office of profit:<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Whether the government makes the appointment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Whether government has the right to remove or dismiss the holder. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Whether the government pays remuneration. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">What the functions of the holder are. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Does the government exercise any control over the performance of these functions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Office of profit clause:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Under Article 102(1) (a) and Article 191(1) (a) of the Constitution, a person shall be disqualified as a member of Parliament or of a Legislative Assembly\/Council if he holds an \u201cOffice of Profit\u201d under the central or any state government <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">There are some such offices declared not to disqualify its holder by a law passed by the Parliament or state legislature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The underlying idea was to obviate a conflict of interest between the duties of office and their legislative function.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Limitation of strength of minister\u2019s clause: Parliamentary Secretary\u2019s post is also in contradiction to Article 164 (1A) as the Parliament Secretary holds the rank of Minister of State.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Article provides for limiting the number of Ministers 15 per cent of the total number of members of the State Legislative Assembly (10% for Delhi, owing to its special status) and Lok Sabha.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>2nd ARC recommendations<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">: <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The Law should be amended to define office of profit based on the following principles: <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">All offices in purely advisory bodies where the experience, insights and expertise of a legislator would be inputs in governmental policy shall not be treated as offices of profit. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">All offices involving executive decision making and control of public funds, directly deciding policy or authorizing or approving expenditure shall be treated as offices of profit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">If a serving Minister is a member or head of certain organizations, where close coordination between the Council of Ministers and the organization is vital for the functioning of government, it shall not be treated as office of profit.<\/span><span lang=\"en-US\"><u><b>Adjournment Motion<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The primary object of an adjournment motion is to draw the attention of Lok Sabha to a recent matter of urgent public importance having serious consequences.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Adjournment motion is allowed only in direct elected bodies like Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">This is because; adjournment motion has an element of censure against the government.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Adjournment motion disrupts the normal business of the house thus it is regarded as extraordinary tool in parliament. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The discussion on adjournment motion needs to last at least 2.5 hours.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Some of the conditions of adjournment motion in Lok Sabha are: <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Such a motion needs support of at least 50 members. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">It should be introduced on a matter of definite and urgent public importance. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">It should not cover more than one matter and be restricted to that matter only. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The subject matter should not be the same which is already being discussed in the same session. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">A question of privilege or any other questions which can be raised via other distinct motion cannot be raised in adjournment motion. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Calling Attention versus Adjournment Motion <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Since Rajya Sabha is not permitted to make use of adjournment motion, there is a similar tool in Rajya Sabha which is called \u201cCalling Attention\u201d. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The adjournment motion has an element of censure against the government, Calling attention has no such element.<\/span><\/span><u><b>ROLE OF SPEAKER <\/b><\/u><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">There have been increasing instances casting doubts over the bi-partisan role of Speaker. For example, <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Suspension of all the principal opposition parties in the legislative assembly of Gujarat and TN,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Removal of speaker in the Arunanchal Pradesh Assembly case<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Deciding over Aadhar Bill as Money Bill <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Court Ruling<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Recently, the Supreme Court while deciding over the issue of imposition of President\u2019s rule in Arunanchal Pradesh discussed the role of Speaker at length. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>The judgment<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">, for the first time, sets down as a legal principle that the Speaker cannot proceed to disqualify Members of the House if an \u201cintention\u201d to remove him has already been moved, and that he would have to first prove he still has the confidence of the majority of Members. Why<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Thus, Article 179(c) provides that a Speaker (or Deputy Speaker) \u201cmay be removed from his office by a resolution of the Assembly passed by a majority of all the then members of the Assembly\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Here <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>\u201call the then members of the Assembly\u201d <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">means the composition of legislators should remain the very same while deciding motion for removal of Speaker.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The principles of \u201ccomplete detachment and perceivable impartiality\u201d require the Speaker to desist from using his power to disqualify the members until he passed the test of \u201cconstitutional confidence\u201d. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>speaker acts as a Tribunal<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> while deciding upon the Tenth Schedule therefore he\/she should first \u201cstand the test and then proceed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">The speaker is endowed with a wide range of powers. His powers are:<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">To maintain decorum, discipline in the House and protect it from unnecessary executive intrusion.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">To decide preside over the house and protect the rights and privileges of the members of the House<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">To put the motion of the vote to announce the result. He does not vote but in case of a tie, he casts his vote.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">To act as administrative head of the\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Lok Sabha<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">\u00a0Secretariat.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">To accept resignations sent by members.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Some of his special powers are:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">To certify whether a particular Bill is a money Bill or not (Article 110).<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">To preside over joint sitting of both the houses of the Parliament.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">To admit a vote of no-confidence against the Government.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"en-US\"><u><b>Anti-Defection Law<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Recent disqualification of 9 rebel MLAs in Uttarakhand under anti- defection law once again brought back discussions surrounding the law to the fore. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Anti-Defection Law: <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The 52nd amendment to the Constitution added the Tenth Schedule which laid down the process by which legislators may be disqualified on grounds of defection. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A Member of Parliament or state legislature was deemed to have defected if he either voluntarily resigned from his party or disobeyed the directives of the party leadership on a vote. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Independent members<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> would be disqualified if they joined a political party. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Nominated members<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> who were not members of a party could choose to join a party within six months; after that period, they were treated as a party member or independent member. <\/span><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Some exception<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Any person elected as speaker or chairman could resign from his party, and rejoin the party if he demitted that post. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">A party could be merged into another if at least two-thirds (Initially one-third) of its party legislators voted for the merger. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">This issue of freedom of speech due to anti defection law was addressed by the five-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court in 1992 (Kihoto Hollohan vs Zachilhu and others). <\/span><b>Freedom of speech<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The court said that \u201cthe anti-defection law seeks <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>to recognise the practical need to place the proprieties of political and personal conduct above certain theoretical assumptions.\u201d<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">It held that the law does not violate any rights or freedoms, or the basic structure of parliamentary democracy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Various judgements and orders indicate that a member who publicly opposes the party or states his support for another party would be deemed to have resigned from his party.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The law states that the decision of the presiding officer is final in this regard and not subject to judicial review.\u00a0However the Supreme Court struck down part of this condition.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\">It held that there may not be any judicial intervention until the presiding officer gives his order.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">However, the final decision is subject to appeal in the High Courts and Supreme Court.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<h2 align=\"JUSTIFY\"><strong>Classic IAS Academy<\/strong> :<\/h2>\n<p>The Classic IAS Academy is regarded as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.classiciasacademy.com\/best-upsc-coaching-in-delhi\"><strong>Best IAS Institute in Delhi<\/strong><\/a>. The Academy steadily works towards realizing the dreams of both the Hindi and English students to participate in the civil service examination. The Academy also conducts seminars and workshops with the help of experts in order to train the student to think, feel and express like civil servants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>LEGISLATIVE AND PARLIAMENTARY ISSUES Aadhaar Passed as Money Bill Provisions of Money Bill The Aadhaar bill has come under controversy due to its passage by <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.classiciasacademy.com\/blog\/legislative-and-parliamentary-issues\/\" title=\"LEGISLATIVE AND PARLIAMENTARY ISSUES\">    [read more]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":383,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[84],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with 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